Notes to Poem:
The Number 3

Peter Y. Chou
WisdomPortal.com


Preface: This poem was written for my grandniece Lilly Lubin's 3rd birthday on March 6, 2016. I used Clement Wood's
The Complete Rhyming Dictionary and Poet's Craft Book (1936) for the rhymes. Wood discussed interlocking rhyming triplets (pages 40-41), where the unrhymed middle line of one triplet becomes the rhymed first & third lines of the next. He
gives Percy Bysshe Shelley's 5th section of "Ode to the West Wind" as an example of this rhyming scheme— aba, bcb, cdc,
ded, ee. Dante Alighieri was the first to use this interlocking 3-line rhyme scheme terza rima in his Commedia (1308-1320). My love of Dante inspired this terza rima poem for Lilly's 3rd birthday. Lost my 12 GB USB without backup containing this file on August 28, 2016. My hard copy aided me to reconstruct these Notes with 24 photos in nine hours.

Commentary on Poem "The Number 3":

Three Graces, Three Fates, Three Wise Men—
Great mystery of the number 3,
three jewels in Buddhism & Zen.

The Three Graces
Italy #1076, 50 lire
by Antonio Canova
(issued 10-13-1972)

The Three Fates (Clotho, Lachesis, Atropos)
by Johann Gottfried Schadow (1764-1850)
Alexander von der Mark Tomb
Alte Nationalgalerie Berlin

Three Wise Men
Australia #334, 5 pence
Christmas 1959
(issued 11-4-1959)

Great Buddha
of Kamakura
(1252)
Japan #273, 1 yen
(issued 1939)

The Three Graces: In Greek mythology, the Graces are known as Charites. From the youngest to oldest is Aglaea ("Splendor"), Euphrosyne ("Mirth"), Thalia ("Good Cheer"). They were the daughters of Zeus and Eurynome (a sea nymph Oceanid). The Graces attended the beauty goddess Aphrodite (Venus) and loved dancing around in a circle as shown in Botticelli's painting Primavera (1482) in the Uffizi Gallery, Florence. The sculptor Antonio Canova made a well-known piece in white marble representing The Three Graces (1817). It was depicted in a 50 lire Italy stamp above.
The Three Fates: In Greek mythology, the Moirai often known in English as the Fates, were the white-robed incarnations of destiny. Their number became fixed at three: Clotho (spinner), Lachesis (measurer), and Atropos (cutter). They controlled the mother thread of lifestyle of every mortal from birth to death. The Elgin Marbles in the British Museum show three headless female sculptures (circa 432 BC) by Phidias that could be "The Three Fates" from the East Pediment of the Parthenon.
Three Wise Men: The Three Magi also referred as Three Kings, were in Gospel of Matthew (Chapter 2) & Christian tradition, visited Jesus after his birth, bearing gifts of gold, frankincense, and myrrh (Poem: "Gold, Myrrh, Frankincense")
Three Jewels of Buddhism: The Three Jewels, also called Three Treasures, Three Refuges, or Triple Gem that Buddhists look for guidance. The Three Jewels are Buddha (The Awakened One), Dharma (Buddha's teachings to Enlightenment), Sangha (community of monks). Zen is a school of Mahayana Buddhism that originated in China during the Tang dynasty as Chan. Zen emphasizes rigorous meditation-practice, solving koans, insight into Buddha-nature, and personal expression of this insight in daily life, especially for the benefit of others. Three great Zen Masters: Bodhidharma, Hui-Neng & Chao-Chou.
Photo Sources: Three Graces (stamps-plus.com); Three Fates (commons.wikimedia.org); Three Wise Men (hipstamp.com); Japan #273 Buddha (colnect.com).

Root, trunk, leaves— three parts of a tree;
length, width, height— 3-dimensions of space
to unlock the door with a golden key.

3 Parts of a Tree
Root, Trunk, Leaves

3-Dimensions of Space
X-axis, Y-axis, Z-axis

Key of Knowledge, Globe, Student
Laos #58, 3 kip (issued 10-1-1959)

Golden Key (1867)
George MacDonald
Root, trunk, leaves are 3 parts of a tree. While the trunk and leaves are visible above the ground, it is the root which is invisible below the ground that sustains the tree. That's why The Little Prince learns from the Fox (Ch. 21) "what is essential is invisible to the eye" (like the air we breathe). Length, width, height measures the 3-dimensions of space, the world where we live. Laos issued four stamps #56-59 (October 1, 1959) to promote education and the fine arts. My favorite is the 3 kip stamp #58 showing a giant key to knowledge through education. The Golden Key is a fairy tale written by George MacDonald (1824-1905). It was published in Dealings with the Fairies (1867). A woman tells her great-nephew of a golden key found at the end of a rainbow. One day, he sees a rainbow and finds the key, and it dawns on him that he does not know where the lock is. He goes on a quest to find a way leading to a door that his key unlocks. Image Sources: 3 Parts of Tree (clipartkid.com); X,Y,Z-Axis (mathworld.wolfram.com); Laos #58 "Key of Knowledge" (lbdphilately.com); The Golden Key (amazon.com)

Eyes, nose, mouth— three senses in your face,
past, present, future— three frames of time,
three ligs of tripod makes a stable base.

3 Senses in Your Face
Leonardo's Proportions

3 Frames of Time
Past, Present, Future

3 Legs of a Tripod
makes a stable base
Our eyes see, nose smells, and mouth tastes as the three senses in our face. Our other two senses— ears hear and hands touch are not on the face. Past, present, future represent the three frames of time. A tripod is a portable three-legged frame, used as a platform to support the weight and maintain the stability of some other object. It is often used in surveying and photography. Image Sources: Leonardo's Proportions (drawingsofleonardo.org); Past, Present, Future Signs (likesuccess.com); 3 Legs of a Tripod (arkon.com)

Dante's Commedia is so sublime—
a love poem that is vast and deep
using his terza rima rhyme

Dante Alighieri
San Marino #622, 40 lire
(issued 11-20-1965)

Dante Gabriel Rossetti (1828-1882)
Study for Salutation of Beatrice (1849-1850)
Fogg Art Museum, Cambridge, Massachusetts

Terza Rima, Dante's
Canto I of Paradiso
completed 1320
Dante Alighieri (1265-1321) was a major Italian poet of the late Middle Ages. His Divine Comedy (Italian: Commedia) and later christened Divina by Boccaccio, is widely considered the greatest literary work composed in the Italian language and a masterpiece of world literature. Dante was nine years old when he fell in love with the 8-year-old Beatrice in Florence (essay). When Beatrice died at 24 (1290), Dante vowed to write a love poem to honor her. Dante's love for Beatrice enabled him to experience the soul's ascent to paradise, then toiled 27 years to write The Divine Comedy for us to drink. Dante invented the interlocking triplet rhyme terza rima so monks who copied his poem can't revise it without all the stanzas falling apart. Image Sources: San Marino #622 Dante (delcampe.net); Dante & Beatrice (wisdomportal.com); Terza Rima of Dante's Paradiso (italnet.nd.edu)

inspiring our mind to take a leap
beyond colors red, yellow, blue,
and three states of waking, dream, sleep,

Alex Grey (b. 11-29-1953)
Wonder: Zena Gazing
at the Moon
(1996)

3 Primary Colors
Red, Yellow, Blue
Newton's Prism

Henri Rousseau (1844-1910)
The Sleeping Gypsy (1897)
Museum of Modern Art, NY

Mandukya Upanishad
on waking, dream,sleep
states & sacred AUM
Dante's Commedia inspires our mind to take a leap like all great works of art, music, and poetry. Alex Grey is a visionary artist, author, teacher, and Vairayana practitioner. I've selected his Wonder: Zena Gazing at the Moon (1996) to illustrate "mind to take a leap" (Poem). The Moon is 238,000 miles from the Earth. How far is the Moon from your Mind? When we realize that the Moon is in our Mind, our mind takes a leap like the Sage of Elephant Mountain, Lu Hsiang-shan (1139-1192). He proclaimed to his students: "The universe is my mind, and my mind is the universe." The colors red, yellow, blue are part of the rainbow colors ROYGBIV— red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet. Issac Newton displayed these seven colors from a prism shined with white light. When we realize that this world of multiplicity came from that Oneness of Light, we sense Plato's epiphany in Philebus 16d— "From the gods a gift to the human race: thus I reckon the gift of seeing the One in the many and the many in the One." The Mandukya Upanishad is entirely devoted to the explanation of Om or Aum— the three states of waking, dream, and deep sleep, and the transcendental "fourth state" of illumination (turiya). Joseph Campbell explained to Bill Moyers in Power of Myth that turiya is the silence between the AUM's. I chose Henri Rousseau's The Sleeping Gypsy to portray dream and sleep. When the gypsy wakes up, she wonders "Where did the lion go?" Then she realizes that her Dream-Self created the whole dream world. More meditation leads to her Waking-Self creating the whole waking world. This Self-Realization is enlightenment experienced by Buddha (The Awakened One) and the Zen Masters.
Images: Alex Grey's Wonder (pinterest.com); 3 Primary Colors (intelliapps.co); The Sleeping Gypsy (commons.wikimedia.org); Mandukya Upanishad (vedanta.com)

always learning wisdom fresh and new—
"Beauty, Truth, Goodness" Plato's shower
wishing "Happy 3rd Birthday to you!"

Sophia (Wisdom)
Ephesus Library, Turkey

Truth Beauty and Goodness
by Rudolf Steiner (1923)

Plato (427 BC-347 BC)
Raphael's School of Athens

Happy Birthday Cake
for 3-year-old Lilly
Sophia is honored as a goddess of wisdom by Gnostics. "Happy is the man that finds wisdom, and the man that gets understanding. For she is better than silver and gold, more precious than rubies: and all the things you can desire are not to be compared unto her." (Proverbs 3.13-15). That Wisdom came before Light may be found in Book of Wisdom 7.29): "For she is more beautiful than the sun, and above all the order of stars: being compared with the light, she is found before it." Another source is a Gnostic Coptic text On the Origin of the World (circa 150 AD) that Sophia existed before Chaos came into being. Since Wisdom came before Light & Chaos, she is fresh and new. May we keep our mind likewise. Plato taught the virtues of beauty, truth, goodness (Phaedrus 246e & Symposium 211c). Rudolf Steiner (1861-1925) lectured on "Truth Beauty and Goodness" (Dornach, January 19, 1923), saying these "were held to be the greatest ideals of human striving." (Stephen R. Turley's 2015 book Awakening Wonder: A Classic Guide to Truth, Goodness & Beauty is available online). Plato's mentor Socrates had an argumentative wife Xanthippe. His students witnessed that after one argument, Xanthippe poured a bucket of mop water over his head. Socrates calmly said "After thunder, the rain." Recalling this story, Plato's shower is a gentler kind. Found a birthday cake with 3 candles, but "Happy 1st Birthday Lilly" birthday cake had Lilly's name on it. Edited this image in Adobe Photoshop to create "Happy 3rd Birthday Lilly" using 24 pt Apple Chancery strong font.
Photo Sources: Sophia in Ephesus (wikipedia.org); Rudolf Steiner's "Truth Beauty and Goodness" (wn.rsarchive.org); Plato by Raphael (thecultureconcept.com); Happy 3rd Birthday Cake (customcakesbyb.com) redone in Photoshop (wisdomportalcom).

Three hands on clock— second, minute, hour
with white lily— a three-petalled flower.

3 Hands of Clock *

3-Petalled Mariposa Lily *
Using the terza rima interlocking rhyming scheme— aba, bcb, cdc, ded, efe, fgf, gg, I wanted to end this birthday poem on a happy note. The last couplet needs to rhyme with the previous stanza's "shower" and William Blake's poem in Auguries of Innocence came to mind— "To see a World in a Grain of Sand /
And a Heaven in a Wild Flower. / Hold Infinity in the palm of your hand / And Eternity in an hour."

So I used "hour" and "flower" as the end-rhymes of this terza rima poem for my grandniece Lilly's
3rd birthday. Clock time is Earth, but the 3-petalled flower points to the Trinity and Heaven.

Image Sources: 3 Hands of Clock magnifyingaids.com); 3-Petalled Mariposa Lily (inaturalist.org)

— Peter Y. Chou
    Mountain View, 3-10-2016
    reconstructed on 12-15-2016


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email: (12-15-2016)